5 Conclusion

In order to realize the vision of smart manufacturing, the classical manufacturing system architectural paradigm based on a hierarchical control model must be replaced. A new paradigm based on distributed manufacturing services is evolving. This paradigm shift is brought on by the introduction of smart devices accessible as services on a network, embedded intelligence at every level, predictive analytics, and cloud computing technology. All of these technologies depend on standards.

Standards are a fundamental component of the evolution to smart manufacturing. Standards allow for systematic, repeatable, and efficient manufacturing systems. Standards support the participation of a wide range of organizations from small manufacturers to large multi-national corporations. Moreover, smart manufacturing technologies enabled by standards allow for participation of a wide range of manufacturers, regardless of size or location.

This report presents an examination of the standards landscape for smart manufacturing. The landscape comprises standards used to integrate within and across three manufacturing lifecycle dimensions – the product lifecycle, the production system lifecycle, and the business (enterprise) lifecycle. In order to study existing standards and how they can be applied to smart manufacturing, we have defined a Smart Manufacturing Ecosystem to provide a consistent context for analyzing existing standards and establishing future standards requirements for smart manufacturing. In this report, the SMS Ecosystem is used as a basis to categorize and evaluate existing standards for application to smart manufacturing systems, present a comprehensive view of emerging SMS standardization activities, and identify areas where new standards activities are needed to enable the implementation of SMS.

The report concludes that existing manufacturing standards are insufficient to fully enable smart manufacturing, especially in the areas of cybersecurity, cloud-based manufacturing services, supply chain integration, and data analytics. Traditional standards development efforts, primarily focused on incremental improvements of existing standards, cannot keep pace with the speed of evolving technology. SDOs, national manufacturing initiatives, and industrial consortia are identifying requirements for new smart manufacturing standards.

The report identified the following as priority areas for standards advancement to enable smart manufacturing:

  • SMS reference model and reference architecture
  • Internet of Things (IoT) reference architecture for manufacturing
  • Manufacturing service models
  • Machine to machine communication
  • PLM/MES/ERP/SCM/CRM integration
  • Cloud manufacturing
  • Manufacturing sustainability
  • Manufacturing cybersecurity

Finally, the report examined sources of new requirements for standards to support smart manufacturing, including national and international manufacturing initiatives, the Internet of Things initiative, standards development organization manufacturing programs, and the emergence of sustainable manufacturing requirements.

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