5 Conclusion
In order to realize the vision of smart manufacturing, the classical manufacturing system architectural paradigm based on a hierarchical control model must be replaced. A new paradigm based on distributed manufacturing services is evolving. This paradigm shift is brought on by the introduction of smart devices accessible as services on a network, embedded intelligence at every level, predictive analytics, and cloud computing technology. All of these technologies depend on standards.
为了认识智能制造的观点，必须转变以分层管理的经典的制造系统架构模式。一种基于分布式制造服务的新的制造模式正在形成。这种模式的转变将把智能设备作为网络上的可被访问的服务，在每一个层面上嵌入智能，预测分析，和云计算技术的广泛应用。所有这些技术都依赖于标准。
Standards are a fundamental component of the evolution to smart manufacturing. Standards allow for systematic, repeatable, and efficient manufacturing systems. Standards support the participation of a wide range of organizations from small manufacturers to large multi-national corporations. Moreover, smart manufacturing technologies enabled by standards allow for participation of a wide range of manufacturers, regardless of size or location.
标准将是进化到智能制造的基本组成部分。标准构成了一个系统化的、可重复的、有效率的制造系统。标准支持从小型制造商到大型跨国公司广泛的组织参与。此外，标准化管理的智能制造技术允许的广泛的制造商的参与，无论大小或位置。
This report presents an examination of the standards landscape for smart manufacturing. The landscape comprises standards used to integrate within and across three manufacturing lifecycle dimensions – the product lifecycle, the production system lifecycle, and the business (enterprise) lifecycle. In order to study existing standards and how they can be applied to smart manufacturing, we have defined a Smart Manufacturing Ecosystem to provide a consistent context for analyzing existing standards and establishing future standards requirements for smart manufacturing. In this report, the SMS Ecosystem is used as a basis to categorize and evaluate existing standards for application to smart manufacturing systems, present a comprehensive view of emerging SMS standardization activities, and identify areas where new standards activities are needed to enable the implementation of SMS.
这份报告提出了一个智能制造标准的发展态势调查。这些标准用于在三个制造生命周期维度的集成层面上，产品的生命周期，生产系统的生命周期，和业务（企业）生命周期。为了研究现有的标准和如何将其应用到智能制造上，我们定义了一个智能制造生态系统，提供了一个一致的背景，分析现有的标准，并建立未来的标准智能制造的需求。在这份报告中，智能制造生态系统是用来作为一个对现在应用在智能制造系统中的标准进行分类和评估的基准，提出了一个综合新兴智能制造系统标准化活动的看法，并确定了实施智能制造系统所需开展的新的标准活动的领域。
The report concludes that existing manufacturing standards are insufficient to fully enable smart manufacturing, especially in the areas of cybersecurity, cloud-based manufacturing services, supply chain integration, and data analytics. Traditional standards development efforts, primarily focused on incremental improvements of existing standards, cannot keep pace with the speed of evolving technology. SDOs, national manufacturing initiatives, and industrial consortia are identifying requirements for new smart manufacturing standards.
该报告的结论是，现有的制造标准不足以满足实现完整的智能制造，特别是在网络安全，基于云的制造服务，供应链整合，和数据分析等领域。传统的标准开发工作，主要集中在现有标准的增量改进，不能跟上不断变化的技术的速度。标准化组织（SDOs），国家制造业研究，与产业联盟正在制定新的智能制造标准的需求。
The report identified the following as priority areas for standards advancement to enable smart manufacturing:
- SMS reference model and reference architecture
- Internet of Things (IoT) reference architecture for manufacturing
- Manufacturing service models
- Machine to machine communication
- PLM/MES/ERP/SCM/CRM integration
- Cloud manufacturing
- Manufacturing sustainability
- Manufacturing cybersecurity
报告提出了下列有助于智能制造发展的标准领域：
- 智能制造参考模型和参考架构
- 制造业物联网参考架构
- 制造服务模型
- 机器与机器通讯
- PLM/MES/ERP/SCM/CRM集成
- 晕制造
- 制造可持续性
- 制造信息安全
Finally, the report examined sources of new requirements for standards to support smart manufacturing, including national and international manufacturing initiatives, the Internet of Things initiative, standards development organization manufacturing programs, and the emergence of sustainable manufacturing requirements.
最后，报告列举了来自支持智能制造标准的新需求，包括国家和国际制造组织的标准化活动、物联网的标准化活动、标准制定组织的制造标准化项目和可持续性制造的需求。